How do I avoid panic selling during long-term market downturns?

Panic selling happens when emotions override strategy. Here are proven techniques: First, establish a clear investment plan before buying—decide your goals and risk tolerance upfront. Second, dollar-cost average by investing fixed amounts regularly, which reduces emotional pressure from price swings. Third, avoid checking prices obsessively; daily monitoring amplifies anxiety. Fourth, diversify your portfolio across multiple assets so no single loss feels devastating. Fifth, set stop-loss orders at rational levels beforehand to remove emotional decisions during crashes. Finally, remember that market downturns are temporary—historically, Bitcoin and other assets have recovered and reached new highs after every major decline. Focus on your long-term thesis rather than short-term price movements.